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␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ u1


␈↓ α∧␈↓α␈↓ ∧DAcademic Freedom and the Hoover Controversy

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTIt␈αseems␈αto␈αme␈αthat␈αsome␈αStanford␈αfaculty␈αmembers␈αare␈αacting␈αunfairly␈αin␈αthe␈αcontroversies

␈↓ α∧␈↓surrounding␈α∂the␈α∂Hoover␈α∂Institution.␈α∂ The␈α∂purpose␈α∂of␈α∂this␈α∂note␈α∂is␈α∂to␈α∂express␈α∂an␈α∂opinion␈α∂about

␈↓ α∧␈↓what␈α
is␈α
fair␈αand␈α
what␈α
is␈αunfair␈α
and,␈α
moreover,␈αwhat␈α
constitutes␈α
an␈αattempt␈α
to␈α
violate␈αthe␈α
academic

␈↓ α∧␈↓freedom rights of the Hoover scholars.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTTraditionally,␈α
threats␈α
to␈α
academic␈α
freedom␈α
have␈αcome␈α
come␈α
from␈α
the␈α
right␈α
and␈αfrom␈α
outside

␈↓ α∧␈↓the␈α∂university␈α⊂and␈α∂the␈α∂people␈α⊂whose␈α∂academic␈α∂freedom␈α⊂was␈α∂threatened␈α∂have␈α⊂been␈α∂on␈α⊂the␈α∂left.

␈↓ α∧␈↓Many␈α
people's␈αimage␈α
of␈αacademic␈α
freedom␈α
is␈αtherefore␈α
limited␈αto␈α
this␈αview.␈α
 People␈α
don't␈αrealize

␈↓ α∧␈↓that␈α_when␈α↔they␈α_write␈α↔a␈α_criticism␈α↔of␈α_Reagan's␈α↔policies␈α_in␈α↔Central␈α_America␈α_and␈α↔propose

␈↓ α∧␈↓administrative␈α∃action␈α∃against␈α∃the␈α∃Hoover␈α∃Institution␈α∃on␈α∃the␈α∃grounds␈α∃that␈α∃Hoover␈α∀scholars

␈↓ α∧␈↓proposed␈α∞or␈α∞supported␈α∞such␈α∞policies␈α∞or␈α∂even␈α∞merely␈α∞helped␈α∞Reagan␈α∞develop␈α∞other␈α∂policies,␈α∞that

␈↓ α∧␈↓they are attempting a violation of academic freedom.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTAnyone␈αis␈αentitled␈αto␈αhis␈αopinion␈αabout␈αthe␈αquality␈αof␈αHoover␈αwork␈αand␈αthe␈αpeople␈αleading

␈↓ α∧␈↓or␈α
working␈α∞in␈α
Hoover.␈α
 He␈α∞is␈α
also␈α
entitled␈α∞to␈α
express␈α
it␈α∞within␈α
the␈α
bounds␈α∞of␈α
the␈α
libel␈α∞law␈α
and

␈↓ α∧␈↓good taste.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTThe␈α∞Hoover␈α∞Institution␈α∞is␈α∞part␈α∞of␈α
Stanford.␈α∞ Like␈α∞SLAC␈α∞and␈α∞like␈α∞some␈α∞other␈α
institutions

␈↓ α∧␈↓attached␈α∂to␈α∞other␈α∂universities,␈α∞it␈α∂isn't␈α∞governed␈α∂in␈α∞the␈α∂same␈α∞way␈α∂as␈α∞a␈α∂university␈α∂department␈α∞or

␈↓ α∧␈↓school.␈α∞ Such␈α∞special␈α∞relations␈α∞develop␈α∞historically␈α∞and␈α∞are␈α∞not␈α∞objectionable␈α∞per␈α∞se.␈α∞ There␈α
has

␈↓ α∧␈↓been␈α
no␈αargument␈α
that␈αHoover␈α
is␈αnot␈α
being␈α
run␈αin␈α
accordance␈αwith␈α
the␈αagreements␈α
when␈α
it␈αwas

␈↓ α∧␈↓founded␈α⊃and␈α⊃as␈α⊂modified␈α⊃since␈α⊃then.␈α⊂ Its␈α⊃fellows␈α⊃and␈α⊂other␈α⊃scholars␈α⊃are␈α⊂entitled␈α⊃to␈α⊃the␈α⊂same

␈↓ α∧␈↓academic freedom as any other Stanford scholar.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTLiberal␈αfaculty␈αmembers␈αhave␈αa␈αright␈αto␈α
be␈αdistressed␈αthat␈αHoover␈αhas␈αbeen␈αassociated␈α
with

␈↓ α∧␈↓a␈α⊂president␈α⊂(Reagan)␈α⊂they␈α⊂deplore␈α⊂and␈α⊂that␈α⊂Hoover␈α⊂scholars␈α⊂have␈α⊂contributed␈α⊂to␈α⊂his␈α∂electoral

␈↓ α∧␈↓success␈αand␈αto␈αthe␈αsubsequent␈α
policies␈αof␈αhis␈αadministration.␈α What␈α
they␈αare␈αmorally␈αentitled␈αto␈α
do
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ u2


␈↓ α∧␈↓about␈αthis␈αdistress␈αis␈αanother␈αmatter.␈α Certainly,␈αcriticism␈αof␈αthe␈αpolicies␈αand␈αeven␈αof␈αthe␈αpeople␈αis

␈↓ α∧␈↓within␈α⊃their␈α⊂rights.␈α⊃ However,␈α⊂their␈α⊃moral␈α⊂right␈α⊃to␈α⊂use␈α⊃the␈α⊂administrative␈α⊃mechanisms␈α⊃of␈α⊂the

␈↓ α∧␈↓University to hamper Hoover is sharply restricted.  Here are some considerations.

␈↓ α∧␈↓1.␈α∞There␈α∞is␈α∞no␈α∞requirement␈α∞that␈α∞every␈α
part␈α∞of␈α∞every␈α∞university␈α∞be␈α∞balanced␈α∞politically.␈α
 Neither

␈↓ α∧␈↓political␈α
orthodoxy␈α
nor␈α
political␈α
balance␈α
may␈α
be␈α
enforced␈α
administratively.␈α
 It␈α
is␈α
probably␈α
best␈α
that

␈↓ α∧␈↓most␈α∪turn␈α∪out␈α∪balanced␈α∪and␈α∪that␈α∪there␈α∪be␈α∪a␈α∪few␈α∪of␈α∪a␈α∪variety␈α∪of␈α∪pronounced␈α∪tendencies␈α∩-

␈↓ α∧␈↓conservative, liberal, libertarian, leftist.

␈↓ α∧␈↓2.␈α
It␈α
is␈α
improper␈α
to␈α
cite␈α
a␈α
list␈α
of␈α
publications␈α
as␈α
a␈α
basis␈α
for␈α
administrative␈α
action.␈α
 This␈α
has␈αthe

␈↓ α∧␈↓effect␈α
of␈α
prior␈α
censorship,␈α
since␈α
it␈α
tends␈α
to␈α
intimidate␈α
authors,␈α
editors␈α
and␈α∞publishers.␈α
 Professor

␈↓ α∧␈↓Manley's April memo to Political Science faculty and the recent SCARE U leaflet do that.

␈↓ α∧␈↓3.␈αThe␈αrights␈αof␈αan␈αacademic␈αbody␈αin␈αa␈αuniversity␈αinclude␈αthe␈αright␈αto␈αraise␈αmoney␈αto␈αexpand␈αits

␈↓ α∧␈↓activities.␈α∂ This␈α∞right␈α∂is␈α∞limited␈α∂by␈α∞competition␈α∂for␈α∞resources␈α∂-␈α∞money,␈α∂land␈α∂and␈α∞administrative

␈↓ α∧␈↓work␈α∞and␈α∞by␈α∞monitoring␈α∞quality.␈α∞ It␈α∞is␈α∞not␈α∞legitimate␈α∞for␈α∞one␈α∞part␈α∞of␈α∞the␈α∞university␈α∞to␈α∂say␈α∞that

␈↓ α∧␈↓because I disagree with you, I will prevent your raising money to support your work.

␈↓ α∧␈↓4.␈αThe␈α
public␈αaffairs␈αcenter␈α
associated␈αwith␈αthe␈α
proposed␈αReagan␈α
Library␈αis␈αa␈α
case␈αin␈αpoint.␈α
 Here

␈↓ α∧␈↓are two extreme viewpoints one could take.

␈↓ α∧␈↓The␈αfirst␈αis␈α
that␈αthe␈αmoney␈αis␈α
offered␈αto␈αStanford,␈αand␈α
Stanford␈αhas␈αto␈αdecide␈α
how␈αto␈αuse␈α
it.␈α In

␈↓ α∧␈↓that␈α∞case,␈α∞making␈α∞the␈α∞center␈α∞part␈α∞of␈α∞Hoover␈α∂is␈α∞only␈α∞one␈α∞option␈α∞and␈α∞faculty␈α∞in␈α∞general␈α∂and␈α∞the

␈↓ α∧␈↓Academic␈α
Senate␈αas␈α
a␈αbody␈α
are␈αentitled␈α
to␈αpropose␈α
alternatives.␈α Competing␈α
proposals␈α
to␈αoperate

␈↓ α∧␈↓the institution are appropriate.

␈↓ α∧␈↓The␈α⊃other␈α⊃extreme␈α⊃is␈α⊃that␈α⊃Hoover␈α⊃or␈α⊃some␈α⊂other␈α⊃part␈α⊃of␈α⊃Stanford␈α⊃wants␈α⊃such␈α⊃a␈α⊃center␈α⊂and

␈↓ α∧␈↓undertakes␈αto␈αraise␈αthe␈αmoney.␈α It␈αis␈αentirely␈αunfair␈αand␈αa␈αviolation␈αof␈αacademic␈αfreedom␈αto␈αfor␈αa

␈↓ α∧␈↓group␈α⊃to␈α⊂decide␈α⊃to␈α⊃oppose␈α⊂Hoover's␈α⊃right␈α⊂to␈α⊃raise␈α⊃the␈α⊂money␈α⊃because␈α⊂they␈α⊃disagree␈α⊃with␈α⊂the

␈↓ α∧␈↓conclusions␈α↔of␈α↔the␈α↔Hoover␈α↔scholars.␈α↔ If␈α↔they␈α↔disagree␈α↔they␈α↔should␈α↔compete␈α↔and␈α_not␈α↔use
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ u3


␈↓ α∧␈↓administrative␈α⊃measures.␈α⊃ I␈α⊃repeat␈α⊃that␈α⊂considerations␈α⊃of␈α⊃resource␈α⊃availability␈α⊃and␈α⊃quality␈α⊂are

␈↓ α∧␈↓relevant.

␈↓ α∧␈↓The␈αway␈αthe␈α
matter␈αhas␈αbeen␈α
put␈αto␈αStanford,␈α
there␈αis␈αsome␈α
element␈αof␈αboth␈α
cases,␈αbut␈αI␈αthink␈α
the

␈↓ α∧␈↓second␈αcase␈αdominates.␈α I␈αbelieve␈αthe␈αHoover␈αpeople␈αproposed␈αthe␈αpublic␈αaffairs␈αcenter␈αto␈αReagan

␈↓ α∧␈↓and␈αhis␈αpeople,␈αand␈αI␈αbelieve␈αthe␈αHoover␈α
people␈αintend␈αto␈αraise␈αthe␈αmoney.␈α Certainly␈αno-one␈α
else

␈↓ α∧␈↓at Stanford plans to raise the money.

␈↓ α∧␈↓5.␈α∞It␈α∞is␈α∞also␈α∞illegitimate␈α
to␈α∞search␈α∞for␈α∞other␈α∞excuses␈α
other␈α∞than␈α∞opposition␈α∞to␈α∞someone's␈α∞views␈α
to

␈↓ α∧␈↓justify␈αan␈α
action␈αmotivated␈α
by␈αsuch␈α
opposition.␈α Unfortunately,␈α
Stanford␈αhas␈α
been␈αguilty␈α
of␈αthis␈α
in

␈↓ α∧␈↓the past.

␈↓ α∧␈↓Because␈αof␈αthe␈αcircumstance␈αthat␈αthe␈αReagan␈α
Library␈αproposal␈αhas␈αarisen␈αduring␈αan␈αattack␈αon␈α
the

␈↓ α∧␈↓Hoover␈αInstitution␈αsupported␈αby␈α
criticism␈αof␈αits␈αpublications␈α
and␈αassociations,␈αthe␈αburden␈αof␈α
proof

␈↓ α∧␈↓is␈αon␈αthe␈αopponents␈αto␈αshow␈αthat␈αtheir␈αobjections␈αare␈αfounded␈αin␈αscarcity␈αof␈αStanford␈αresources␈αor

␈↓ α∧␈↓that␈α
the␈α
academic␈α
quality␈α
of␈α
the␈α
proposal␈α
is␈α
substandard.␈α
 In␈α
fact␈α
neither␈α
of␈α
these␈α
matters␈α
has␈α
been

␈↓ α∧␈↓discussed, since a concrete proposal hasn't been made.

␈↓ α∧␈↓6.␈α∪I␈α∪believe␈α∩that␈α∪the␈α∪cause␈α∪of␈α∩the␈α∪unfair␈α∪proposals␈α∪before␈α∩this␈α∪Senate␈α∪is␈α∪excessive␈α∩political

␈↓ α∧␈↓partisanship.␈α⊃ Such␈α⊃excessive␈α⊃partisanship␈α⊃is␈α⊃common␈α⊃in␈α⊃American␈α⊃history␈α⊃and␈α⊃that␈α⊃of␈α⊃other

␈↓ α∧␈↓countries.␈α⊃ It␈α⊃is␈α⊃typical␈α∩that␈α⊃historians␈α⊃have␈α⊃great␈α⊃difficulty␈α∩explaining␈α⊃what␈α⊃it␈α⊃was␈α∩that␈α⊃was

␈↓ α∧␈↓exciting␈α
their␈α
ancestors.␈α
 In␈α∞the␈α
present␈α
case,␈α
the␈α
partisanship␈α∞is␈α
aggravated␈α
by␈α
the␈α
fact␈α∞that␈α
the

␈↓ α∧␈↓majority␈α∂of␈α∂academic␈α∂community␈α∞believes␈α∂that␈α∂the␈α∂majority␈α∞of␈α∂the␈α∂population␈α∂made␈α∂the␈α∞wrong

␈↓ α∧␈↓choice in 1980.

␈↓ α∧␈↓7.␈αTherefore,␈αI␈αbelieve␈αthe␈αAcademic␈αSenate␈αshould␈αtake␈αa␈αsomewhat␈αdifferent␈αview␈αof␈αthe␈αmatter

␈↓ α∧␈↓than␈α
has␈α
been␈α
expressed␈αby␈α
most␈α
speakers␈α
on␈αthe␈α
subject␈α
and␈α
in␈αthe␈α
resolution␈α
proposed␈α
by␈αthe

␈↓ α∧␈↓Steering Committee.  To this end I offer the following resolution.

␈↓ α∧␈↓"The␈αAcademic␈αSenate␈αcongratulates␈αthe␈αHoover␈αInstitution␈αon␈αits␈αselection␈αto␈αoperate␈αthe␈αReagan
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ u4


␈↓ α∧␈↓Library␈α∞and␈α∂associated␈α∞institutions.␈α∂ We␈α∞wish␈α∂them␈α∞success␈α∂in␈α∞raising␈α∂the␈α∞necessary␈α∂funds.␈α∞ We

␈↓ α∧␈↓trust␈α∞that␈α∂a␈α∞site␈α∂can␈α∞be␈α∂found␈α∞and␈α∂arrangements␈α∞made␈α∂that␈α∞will␈α∂make␈α∞the␈α∂complex␈α∞an␈α∂asset␈α∞to

␈↓ α∧␈↓Stanford␈αas␈αa␈α
whole␈αand␈αwill␈αcomplement␈α
and␈αnot␈αinterfere␈αwith␈α
other␈αactivities␈αof␈αthe␈α
University.

␈↓ α∧␈↓We␈α
also␈α
trust␈α
that␈α
arrangements␈α
will␈α
be␈α
made␈α
that␈α
will␈α
ensure␈α
that␈α
the␈α
proposed␈α∞Public␈α
Affairs

␈↓ α∧␈↓Center will welcome and support scholars of all points of view."

␈↓ α∧␈↓8.␈α∞Unfortunately,␈α
I␈α∞don't␈α
think␈α∞such␈α
a␈α∞resolution␈α
can␈α∞pass␈α
in␈α∞the␈α
present␈α∞politicized␈α∞and␈α
excited

␈↓ α∧␈↓state of the Academic Senate.

␈↓ α∧␈↓9.␈α∂Moreover,␈α∂while␈α⊂many␈α∂outside␈α∂commentators␈α∂including␈α⊂national␈α∂newspapers␈α∂have␈α⊂raised␈α∂the

␈↓ α∧␈↓academic␈αfreedom␈αissue␈αin␈αconnection␈αwith␈αthe␈αStanford␈αfracas,␈αthis␈αissue␈αhas␈αnot␈αbeen␈αaddressed

␈↓ α∧␈↓within␈α
the␈αStanford␈α
faculty␈α-␈α
at␈αleast␈α
in␈αthe␈α
public␈αdiscussions␈α
so␈αfar.␈α
 Therefore,␈αI␈α
propose␈αthat

␈↓ α∧␈↓the Steering Committee's resolution be tabled until such a discussion has taken place.
␈↓ α∧␈↓John McCarthy
␈↓ α∧␈↓Computer Science Department
␈↓ α∧␈↓Stanford University

␈↓ α∧␈↓The computer file is hoover[f83,jmc] at SU-AI and was pubbed on November 30, 1983.